Radical Islam vs. Classical Islam

Introduction Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world with converts spreading all over the world following the many conversions that are taking place every day. In the recent times, the religion has witnessed the emergence of differences among its followers both in the interpretation of their holy writings and religious beliefs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Radical Islam vs. Classical Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Traditionally, this religion was based on the teachings of Prophet Mohammad and the Quran. Some religious leaders have however emphasised what is now regarded as radicalism, which is the strict interpretation of the Quran and Mohammed’s teachings. This essay seeks to find the differences between classical and radical Islam life with reference to faith, values, beliefs, practices, and understanding of God. Differences in Faith The holy book on which the Islamic religion is ba sed is the Quran, which is the book written directly word for word as communicated by God and memorised by the prophet. It has 114 chapters that were written at around 600 CE. Every Muslim considers this book to be the source of his/her faith and the template to their behaviours and morals. Classical Islam follows the Quran. However, it discourages any form of violence, which they claim is not advocated for in the Quran. They believe that Muslims should refrain from acts of aggression to practice prayers and respect for Allah (Umar 125). On the other hand, Radical Islamists are considered violent, a trait they use to propagate their faith. Strict observance of the law is followed with punishments being instituted to those who do not follow this to the letter. While the basic beliefs and faith are common to both groups, there exist few differences. The Quran advises Muslims to pray as many times in a day as possible with the minimum being five times (Ibrahim 34). God is described as having strengthened their faith by giving them a direction in which to pray. In the Quran, it is written that, â€Å"Turn your face to the holy mosque and wherever you are, turn your’ face towards it† (Saheeh International 23). The expression of faith is therefore most importantly portrayed by this prayer practice. While classical Islam leaves the decision of prayer to individuals, it is a sin in Radical Islam not to pray to Allah. This strict observance of the law means that they practice more of faith in relation to their counterparts. However, this is not genuine, as true faith is based on an individual and not on coercion based on the holy teachings. The Sharia law is responsible for the daily life of the ordinary Muslim. For a radical Muslim, the Sharia law is a doctrine that is to be followed to the letter including the killing of those Muslims who convert to other faiths such as Christianity.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can h elp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The moderate or classical Muslim teachings do not emphasize a strict adherence to the Sharia law. There is more freedom in the beliefs and practices. Violence among women is popular in the radical Islamic communities with most of them suppressing women and denying them their rights. The girl child in this community is a social responsibility with most of the rules meant to punish her. Sharia law traditionally allows holy wars for Muslims where they force other religions to Islam with grave consequences for those who do not. In the past, religious conflicts involving Muslims and other religions have almost been by radical Islamists. In both classical and radical Islam, prayer is defined as a basis of faith in the ordinary life according to the Quran, which states, â€Å"God would never leave your faith to waste† (Saheeh International 23). In the teachings of radicalism, prayer is a vital teaching with more emphasis on faith. Another example of faith is the belief that people should do their best to die for the course of religion to go directly to heaven. Radical Muslims believe that death will earn them a prestigious place among the dead if they die while on a mission to kill other people viewed as offensive. The respect for human life is therefore minimal here (Umar 125). Values, Beliefs, and Practices The Hadith is the written doctrine for the religion with the main content being the life of Mohammed. This varies among the various sects of Islam as handed down through history. The Shi’ites and the Sunnis are the main groups of Muslims with differing thoughts and interpretation on the Hadith. For the classical Muslims, Sufism, which is the expression of the inward love for God and respect for the world around is emphasized. The five pillars of Islam, which are Ramadan, Sawm, Zakat, Shahada, and Salat, are strictly followed in classical and radical Islamism (Nadwi 7). However, in the r adical Islam, teachings are that followers have to attend all of them during their lifetime. In both classical and Radical Islam, Jihad is a concept that clearly distinguishes the two. In classical Islam, the jihad is necessary only when considered as a form of preventing evil in the society and or correcting perceived wrongs. Its use is to achieve meritorious deeds in the society, as it tries to achieve the truth besides maintaining what is socially right according to this form of Islam (Qutb 45). To the Radical Islam, the Jihad is a holy war where members participate to redeem their religion, attain political scores, and punish those perceived as being against the religion. Those countries, organizations, individuals, as well as members of other religions perceived to be a threat to the religion are fought using the jihad (Daniel 24). One may wonder why the radicals spend most of their time creating enemies and practising for the jihad even when they are not aggrieved.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Radical Islam vs. Classical Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For most of the jihadists, killing the enemy is the main target. Death is not feared. In most of the terrorist activities that are religious-based, radical Islam is blamed for most of the acts. There are implications in areas where radicalism exists to these kinds of activities. The current teachings of radicalism allow the murder of people of different religions without sparing those of the same religion considered as external or too moderate. These teachings however are not included in the Quran, which teaches peace and living in harmony with other people. Radicalism is therefore not supported by the classical Muslim doctrine. In the daily life of Muslims, there exist distinct differences between radicalism and classical or moderate Islam. In radical Islam, women are inferior, as they dress to cover their whole body. Punish ments are harsh especially for those who commit adultery, women in particular. Another difference is the belief in slavery. Radical beliefs allow Muslims to take in slaves to work for them although this is not indicated in the holy teachings. It is not legal in classical Islam. In Radical Islam, religious leaders dictate all the daily activities of individuals. There is little if any independence. The community is covered with the strict rules as discussed with violation being faced by strict punishment. Understanding of God To all Muslims, Allah is the only Supreme Being in the universe. He is to be revered and worshiped alone. The belief in Allah is the foundation of Islam. A difference in this belief exists in Radical and Classical Islam. There has been varying beliefs between classical and radical Islam on the role of Prophet Muhammad and the abilities of God. In the differences, Radical Islamism allows the belief that the death of a person in the jihad or when fighting for the course will give him/her automatic access to God. Therefore, many malicious Muslims characterize Radical Islamism. To them, they will seize any opportunity that can earn them death and hence the long-awaited destiny of Heaven where God resides. Conclusion As discussed above, there exist distinct differences between classical and radical Islam. The foundations of Islam are respected in classical and Radical Islam. These include the common belief of Allah and Prophet Muhammad. Faith is also similar in both though the radical Islamists encourage and or enforce strict forms of the faith. Major differences include the use of violence especially the jihad. Radicalism has had negative effects on the Islamic world with major wars and bombings being associated with it. It therefore does not represent the teachings of the prophet. Hence, it is not in line with the Quran.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Daniel, Norman. Islam and the West: The Making of an Image. Oxford, England: One-World Publications, 1993. Print. Ibrahim, Ishmael. A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam. Houston: Darussalam, 1997. Print. Nadwi, AbulHasan. The Four Pillars of Islam. Lucknow, India: Academy of Islamic Research and Publications, 1976. Print. Qutb, Sayyed. Islam and Universal Peace. Indianapolis, IN: American Trust Publications, 1977. Print. Saheeh International. The Quran: Arabic Text with Corresponding English Meaning. London: Abul Qasim Publishing House, 1997. Print. Umar, Ashqar. Belief in Allah in the Light of the Quran and Sunnah. Riyadh: International Islamic Publishing House, 2000. Print. This essay on Radical Islam vs. Classical Islam was written and submitted by user Valerie R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Us Issue

It has been said that the post-Cold War scenario poses several challenges to the United States with the emergence of various threats to American National Security. Also since the end of the Cold War, a fourth category of countries has appeared on the international stage, in addition to the industrialized and developing countries and those in transition. It comprises countries at war or emerging from conflict in which the state has been foundering in human rights violations like genocide and intercommunal massacres. In addition, there now exist various countries that have been swayed or coerced to patronize religious fanaticism. It is important to recognize the existence of these countries because the threat that they pose has become more relentless in the post-Cold War world. Arguably one of the most devastating national security threats that they pose is that of the aid that they provide to encourage the proliferation of chemical, biological, nuclear, and missile technology. Another complication to this dilemma is that the control of such weapons is in the hands of terrorist organizations that are not based in any specific state, capable of transferring their resources to various locations through a complex terrorist network throughout the globe. I believe that the aforementioned threat is the most important and possibly devastating threat to the United States in the post-Cold War Era, since most of the old threats that once put on the line American national security has been diminished or at least radically decreased. The threat from conventional Russian military forces has all but disintegrated and would take many years to reinstate. China with its vast geographical area and enormous supply of human resources should only be vigilantly observed but not considered as a major threat as of the moment. It would take at least 20 up to 30 years to transform its bloated and obsolete military into a major threat to U.S. vital interests.... Free Essays on Us Issue Free Essays on Us Issue It has been said that the post-Cold War scenario poses several challenges to the United States with the emergence of various threats to American National Security. Also since the end of the Cold War, a fourth category of countries has appeared on the international stage, in addition to the industrialized and developing countries and those in transition. It comprises countries at war or emerging from conflict in which the state has been foundering in human rights violations like genocide and intercommunal massacres. In addition, there now exist various countries that have been swayed or coerced to patronize religious fanaticism. It is important to recognize the existence of these countries because the threat that they pose has become more relentless in the post-Cold War world. Arguably one of the most devastating national security threats that they pose is that of the aid that they provide to encourage the proliferation of chemical, biological, nuclear, and missile technology. Another complication to this dilemma is that the control of such weapons is in the hands of terrorist organizations that are not based in any specific state, capable of transferring their resources to various locations through a complex terrorist network throughout the globe. I believe that the aforementioned threat is the most important and possibly devastating threat to the United States in the post-Cold War Era, since most of the old threats that once put on the line American national security has been diminished or at least radically decreased. The threat from conventional Russian military forces has all but disintegrated and would take many years to reinstate. China with its vast geographical area and enormous supply of human resources should only be vigilantly observed but not considered as a major threat as of the moment. It would take at least 20 up to 30 years to transform its bloated and obsolete military into a major threat to U.S. vital interests....

Analysis of West Side Story

Western stories The story of the West was published in 1961 as a melodrama performance in New York. She has the same theme as Shake Spear, Romeo, Juliet. Because it is about two lovers and that relationship can not be accepted by others because of a background conflict. The artistic meaning of this movie can be seen everywhere in the movie. It seems unrealistic to pretend to pick up and mix during the fight, but all dances, songs, performances, and pretend fights are thorough and very good. To discuss the historical development of musicals, this report analyzes Leonard Bernstein 's musical West Side Story. That is how the screen version of 1961 adapts to the revival stage of 2009 Broadway to accommodate contemporary audiences and by using ideas and styles to influence the social and economic impact of the work Indicates whether to reflect their time. The confrontation between the two hostile groups, which is very important to the story, could be further interpreted as a conflict betw een the Catholic and the Jewish community, which was the first intention of Bernstein. But Bernstein grasped the idea that New York's current ethnic tension caused by immigrants in Puerto Rico will provide a stronger story, and he gave him a series of Latin American dance rhythms I will see the opportunity to use without a doubt. He said later ...: West Side Story is recording by Arthur Laurents, music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and choreography by Jerome Robbins. This is said to be an interpretation of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. The story of West End and Romeo and Juliet have many similarities and differences in many respects. Work Romeo and Jurriette began in Verona in 1594. In contrast, the story of the Western Region was held in New York City in 1957. Most of the characters in the western district can be seen as modern versions of many characters in the Shakespearean plays. Romeo and Juliet. Tony can be regarded as Romeo, Maria as Juliet, Jet as Monta ge, Shark as Nurse, Leave as Mercurio, Bernardo as Tilbert, Dr. Flare Lawrence, Baltazar. Chino plays Paris, the police acts the prince, Anybodys and Baby John play Bemborio. The story of West End and many scenes of Romeo and Juliet are very similar. West Side Story: The West Side Story is an example between texts and talked about Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet contemporaneously. Tony (Romeo) and Maria (Juliet) are in love. But hostile groups whose families and their loyalty depend on are prohibited from their love. The story of West End creates a new original story using Romeo and Juliet's theme (such as the end of taboo love and tragedy).

Evolution of Correctional System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evolution of Correctional System - Essay Example In America, the correction system has witnessed great, interesting changes from the medieval times, to the current super-max prisons. With this in mind, this paper will address the evolution of the correction system, including a historical overview of different types of corrections and custody levels. The criminal justice system of America is concerned with both punishment and corrections, however, today; America has the highest inmate population in the world. The history of corrections system in America traces back to the European system, which was in England, Holland, and France. America only improved on this system in the way they executed it. In the past, common law comprising set rules offered guidance and helped people in solving different social problems. The process of law was under the guidance of judges, as they were responsible for making decisions relating to law. However, as time went by, the colonial system developed their system of criminal justice, which laid the foun dation for the present criminal justice system in America (Gottfredson 11-15). In the 16th and 17th Centuries, there were various correction modes. Most of them were based on public shaming, in order to teach offenders a lesson, and deter others. This approach was to prevent the recurrence of criminal activity, and included, cutting off ears, the stocks, whipping, ducking stool, and placing people in the pillory. For much heinous crimes such as murder, the criminals faced execution through public hanging. The act of imprisonment was rare in colonial years. However, this later found its way into the American criminal justice system. In prisons, people waited for their trial or punishment, while in detention. All types of criminals were detained together while waiting punishment. However, these prisons were poorly maintained, due to the negligence of the prison warders. Most people detained in prisons lost their lives due to various diseases, such as the gaol fever. Houses of correcti on were to serve a purpose of instilling industry habits in offenders through labor in prisons. The people held in these houses were mainly petty offenders, the local disorderly poor, and vagrants. Near the end of the 17th Century, houses of correction were absorbed into the prison system, and put under the control of the local justices of peace (Tonry 12-15). In the 18th Century, many executions of criminals were undertaken. This raised concerns and led to the opposition of the death penalty by many people. They suggested that not all offenders found guilty should be subjected to a death penalty, however, only those convicted of serious crimes such as murder, should be executed. This opposition was counter-productive as jurors finally considered executions for petty offenders extreme. They therefore had to look for a much fairer way of punishing petty offenders, other than execution. In the mid-18th Century, imprisonment, with hard labor, was decided on as the most appropriate form of punishment for petty offenders (Freeman 77-80). Transportation was the most appropriate method used to dispose convicts. These were transported by ship to the America and other British colonies by ship. This happened until the America War of Independence. However, at the end of the 18th Century, there was curtailing of transportation. This means that alternative sanctions had to be put in place. These were later

APA Forms and Format Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

APA Forms and Format - Essay Example It is also apparent that many families cannot afford health care and proper housing, thus leading to many unresolved cases of health and illnesses in many communities. Obesity is a critical health and therapeutic problem in both the developing and developed countries. It has significantly increased during the last two decades (El-Helaly, Kamel, Abd-Elaziz, Elwan & Nabih, 2009; Alsayed, Gad & Azab, 2007). According to Alsayed et al. (2007), obesity subjects individuals to metabolic and endocrine disorders. Such complications can pose significant risks to children’s health and general life performance. Additionally, it can lead to an increase in many complications and illnesses which further results in obstruction of a country’s economic progress and the development of an entire health care system (Parikh, Edelman, Uwaifo, Freedman, Semega-Janneh, Reynolds, & Yanovski, 2004; Wang & Dietz, 2002; Afridi, Khattak, Safdar & Khan, 2003). In conclusion, overweight children are at risk of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperthyroidism. It is clear that BMI may be a significant risk factor for vitamin D deficiency obese and non-obese children and adolescents. Considering the above cases, it is recommended that obese children, especially those with high body mass index, take routinely vitamin D supplementary treatment. Additionally, they should go for routine screening with regard to vitamin D

Pros and Cons Capital Punishment Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons Capital Punishment Essay Capital punishment (death penalty) is the severest form of legal punishment today. There are vast differences in the way people view the death penalty. Some oppose it and some agree with it. There have been many studies trying to prove or disprove a point regarding the death penalty. Some have regarded the death penalty as a deterrent, and some have regarded it as state sanctioned murder and not civilized. The death penalty has been attributed to societies for hundreds of years. More recently, as we become more civilized, the death penalty has been questioned to be the right step towards justice. During the course of this paper I will review the pros and cons of the use of the death penalty as we, Americans, know it. The death penalty is a highly controversial subject. No one knows who’s right or whose wrong-it’s fifty percent speculation and fifty percent research. It’s just a lot of thoughts and beliefs from people who have contributed to the death penalty hype. Who’s right and who’s wrong? That is the question. Problem Statements In order to list the pros and cons of the death penalty I will discuss a bit about what exactly is capital punishment. This will help better understand why people feel the way they do about capital punishment. Like mentioned earlier, capital punishment or also known as the death penalty is the most extreme of all sentencing options (Schmalleger, 2012). Almost all nations in the world have had the death sentence and had enforced it in many ways. It has been used in most cases to punish those who broke the laws or standards that were expected of them. There are a lot of methods of execution however not all are legal in the United States. Procedures authorized in the United States now are electrocution, the gas chamber, and the lethal injection. The most common form of capital punishment is lethal injection, with electrocution to be the second most common form (Schmalleger, 2012). When it comes down to sentencing a criminal to the death penalty, many say that it has never been a fair sentencing. Those against capital punishment claim that it has been inflicted on innocent people or that it is costly to execute someone (Schmalleger, 2012). Those for the death penalty claim that the criminals who committed horrifying crimes deserve to die for their actions (Schmalleger, 2012). For the reason being, that anything else other than death does not fulfill as a sanction for the crime (Schmalleger, 2012). Literature review The people who oppose the death penalty have very different reasons than people who agree with it. Those who oppose it feel that no matter how bad of an offense that the criminal has committed, they should not be executed. Arguing against capital punishment, Amnesty International believes that The death penalty is the ultimate denial of human rights. It is the premeditated and cold-blooded killing of a human being by the state in the name of justice. It violates the right to lifeIt is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. There can never be any justification for torture or for cruel treatment. It has been said that innocent people have been placed on death row for crimes they never committed and then executed. In my opinion, I find that very true and support this very strongly. From 1973 up to late 2009, over 138 people in 25 different states where freed from death row after being determined that they were innocent for the capital crime they had been convicted of (Dieter). One example of this claim is of James Bain, a Florida man, released from jail after being incarcerated for 35 years. He was formerly convicted back in 1974 for supposedly kidnapping and a 9 year-old boy and raping him in a nearby field (Schmalleger, 2012). What helped him gain his freedom in December of 2009 was the modern technology not available back then. Bain requested multiple DNA test, once approved the results came back negative for him meaning he was not the man who committed the crime. DNA test are now huge towards those placed in death row, it has helped freed many innocent citizens. When it comes down to the death penalty cases, there are many appeals that are made in court. The cost for a state for these appeals can run into millions of dollars for each individual case (Schmalleger, 2012). The death penalty is much more expensive than life without parole that is a fact. It is more expensive because it requires a long and complex judicial process for capital cases (Woodford). This is needed to ensure that innocent men and women are not executed for crimes they did not commit (Woodford). Sometime with this careful long process the risk of executing an innocent person cannot be completely eliminated (Woodford). Those for capital punishment may state that although the official cost dealing with capital punishment is high, no cost is too high to bring justice to the world (Schmalleger, 2012). Some say that capital punishment deters crime from occurring. However, there is no credible evidence that the death penalty deters crime more effectively than long terms of imprisonment. States that have death penalty laws do not have lower crime rates or murder rates than states without such laws. States that have abolished capital punishment show no significant changes in either crime or murder rates. In my opinion and from what I have read it seems to be that the death penalty has no deterrent effect. I say this because people commit murders in the heat of passion, under the influence or because they are mentally ill, giving little or no thought to the consequences of their actions. Death penalty laws falsely convince the public that government has taken effective measures to combat crime and homicide. In reality, such laws do nothing to protect us or our communities from the acts of dangerous criminals Arguing for capital punishment, the Clark County, Indiana Prosecuting Attorney writes that There are some defendants who have earned the ultimate punishment our society has to offer by committing murder with aggravating circumstances present. I believe life is sacred. It cheapens the life of an innocent murder victim to say that society has no right to keep the murderer from ever killing again. In my view, society has not only the right, but the duty to act in self-defense to protect the innocent. There are still some who states that the death penalty is favorable in the United States. The proponents state that executing criminals will directly help stop the criminal rate in America; also, they declare that when the criminals that are sentenced are killed, the world is one less a murderer than before. Adding on, the argument that the wrong person would be killed is very slim; as a matter of fact, with the development of technology constantly evolving, the chances of the wrong citizen being executed are also constantly decreasing. Although many opponents state that the capital punishment is racist, there are statistics that more African-Americans do crimes than Caucasians. Research Methods After analyzing all the information towards capital punishment I became interested in doing some research about capital punishment statistics about the process of decision making when sentencing a criminal. If I were to conduct a case study about discrimination in death penalty sentencing, I would create surveys and interviews with inmates on death row and certain cases that appeared to been sentenced by discrimination. This type of study is hard to investigate for the reason that if the judge or jury based their answer off of the gender or race of the person it would be less likely that they would reveal the truth. My research study would be quantitative because I will be recording data about the rates on death penalty discrimination. It will also be a qualitative study because, a part from the data I will be recording I would conduct interviews with former judges and attorneys that have dealt with death penalty cases and what was the process of deciding the sentence like. Conclusion In today’s generation people have very different views on the death penalty. There are many who completely agree with it, and the concept behind it, and there are some who feel it is nothing but a cruel punishment. All in all, the capital punishment is a charge that will always be debated in America. However, the execution is a faster death for the criminal a much easier statement someone can receive. Half of the American population is against capital punishment for the execution of innocent people, discrimination, deterrence of crime and high cost leading to debt for the society. Those for capital punishment agree that this kind of action is what is needed to put a stop to brutal crimes. The criminal deserves to die for their actions and it is the only option to bring justice. The death penalty is and always will be a problem that is arguable from both sides, but, if someone tries to ultimately stop it, it is and always will be impossible. Reference ACLU. (2007, April 09). The death penalty: Questions and answers. Retrieved from http://www.aclu.org/capital-punishment/death-penalty-questions-and-answers Baik, E. (2012). Gender, Religion and National Origin: Latinos Attitude toward Capital Punishment. Journal of Social Sciences (15493652), 8(1), 79-84. Hashemi, S. (n.d.). Abolish the death penalty. Retrieved from http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/campaigns/abolish-the-death-penalty?id=1011005 Methods of execution. (2010, April). Retrieved from http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/methods.htm Dieter, R. (n.d.). Death penalty information. Retrieved from http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/home Schmalleger, F. (2012). Criminal justice: A brief introduction. (9 ed., pp. 272-286). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Woodford, J. (n.d.). The high cost of the death penalty. Retrieved from http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=42

The Supremecy of faith the Supremecy of Reason :: essays research papers fc

The Supremacy of Faith, The Supremacy of Reason The history of science has long been in conflict with religion or  ¡Ã‚ §organized ignorance ¡Ã‚ ¨ as Dr. David Starr Jordan called in his book Science and Sciosophy. In this conflict history would reveal that science always prevailed. At times this victory was won at the cost and/or suffering of the individual who earth the nerve to present their finding to the world as court. Obstructions have been raised by men who thought the little they knew of the works and ways of the Creator was all that there was to be known. However, this insensitive response to the essential Christian Concepts provides inadequate recognition of the fact that Science and Religion may work to the same end but take different routes. My holistic view of the issue of science and religion has changed over the past 6 weeks. I realize that there is a certain harmonization of science and religion that gives humanity the abundant life engineered by Jesus Christ in the Gospel. This blending of my ethnocentric reli gious beliefs and the reasoning of empirical thought allowed a reinventing of viewpoint allowing my position to be transformed into something new. Which I believe would be an objective to this disciplined study. The selection of this book Science and Religion Opposing viewpoints allows the reader to take a glance at this conflict from five areas. Great Historical Debates on Science and Religion, Are Science and Religion Compatible, How did the Universe Originate, How did Life Originate and Should Ethical Values Limit Scientific Research? For the sake of brevity we will cumber you with a skeletal version of the text. The author is very clever in presenting information to provide a deeper understanding of the material and come away with an appreciation of the complex nature of the issues debated. The author was careful to mention Pitfalls to Avoid: „h Regarding one ¡Ã‚ ¦s own opinion as being common sense and the most rational stance and the viewpoint of others as being only opinion and naturally wrong. „h To close one ¡Ã‚ ¦s mind to the opinion of others they disagree with. Seek to understand rather than to be understood. The author emphasizes the following typology to develop basic reading and thinking skills: „h Evaluating Sources of Information „h Separating Fact From Opinion „h Identifying Stereotypes „h Recognizing Ethnocentrism Lastly, the author presents a recognized opinion or theory and allows the prevailing points of view to speak plainly and passionately on the subject. The Supremecy of faith the Supremecy of Reason :: essays research papers fc The Supremacy of Faith, The Supremacy of Reason The history of science has long been in conflict with religion or  ¡Ã‚ §organized ignorance ¡Ã‚ ¨ as Dr. David Starr Jordan called in his book Science and Sciosophy. In this conflict history would reveal that science always prevailed. At times this victory was won at the cost and/or suffering of the individual who earth the nerve to present their finding to the world as court. Obstructions have been raised by men who thought the little they knew of the works and ways of the Creator was all that there was to be known. However, this insensitive response to the essential Christian Concepts provides inadequate recognition of the fact that Science and Religion may work to the same end but take different routes. My holistic view of the issue of science and religion has changed over the past 6 weeks. I realize that there is a certain harmonization of science and religion that gives humanity the abundant life engineered by Jesus Christ in the Gospel. This blending of my ethnocentric reli gious beliefs and the reasoning of empirical thought allowed a reinventing of viewpoint allowing my position to be transformed into something new. Which I believe would be an objective to this disciplined study. The selection of this book Science and Religion Opposing viewpoints allows the reader to take a glance at this conflict from five areas. Great Historical Debates on Science and Religion, Are Science and Religion Compatible, How did the Universe Originate, How did Life Originate and Should Ethical Values Limit Scientific Research? For the sake of brevity we will cumber you with a skeletal version of the text. The author is very clever in presenting information to provide a deeper understanding of the material and come away with an appreciation of the complex nature of the issues debated. The author was careful to mention Pitfalls to Avoid: „h Regarding one ¡Ã‚ ¦s own opinion as being common sense and the most rational stance and the viewpoint of others as being only opinion and naturally wrong. „h To close one ¡Ã‚ ¦s mind to the opinion of others they disagree with. Seek to understand rather than to be understood. The author emphasizes the following typology to develop basic reading and thinking skills: „h Evaluating Sources of Information „h Separating Fact From Opinion „h Identifying Stereotypes „h Recognizing Ethnocentrism Lastly, the author presents a recognized opinion or theory and allows the prevailing points of view to speak plainly and passionately on the subject.

‘It is impossible to not take sides during conflict’ Essay

‘It is possible to avoid taking sides during a conflict’- Persuasive The statement stating that is possible to avoid taking sides during conflict, is wrong. It is nearly impossible to take sides during conflict. Even if the conflict does not involve you directly, it can impact your life sooner or later. Things such as love and family can affect the ability to be able to take sides during conflict. In the novel the Quiet American, the difficulty of taking sides during war is displayed and is evident in Fowler’s and Pyle’s strange friendship. Additionally, in the novel Fowler and Pyle share a strange friendship. At the commencement of their friendship, Pyle falls in love with Phuong and eventually Phuong chooses to be with Pyle. This leaves Fowler with resentment because he is left with nothing. However when Fowler discovers that Pyle is partly responsible for the bomb that goes off at the cafà © he researches the plastic and once he is sure that he is defin itely involved and responsible. Fowler does not hesitate to work with the three men and agrees that Pyle should be assassinated and he takes part. Fowler is left with no choice but to take a side and do something so that Pyle cannot hurt people again. He also considers Phuong and her well-being. Fowler’s decision is influenced by his previous friendship with Pyle and his involvement with Phuong, so therefore it is impossible to not be involved. When innocent civilians are left to suffer due to a person’s ignorance and their impulsive need to make a scene so that a higher up government recognises them, it is hard not to have an opinion or want to be involved. In contrast, when Fowler witnesses the dead and the chronically injured civilians after the bomb has gone off, it is surreal to him. It brings him anger and sickness to know that these innocent people were hurt because of Pyle. ‘It’s not a matter of justice. We all get involved in a moment of emotion and then we cannot get out’. Fowler could have exposed Pyle and told the Vietnam police or someone with high authority but he chooses to take matters into his own hands. There is an exception of those who are ignorant and don’t understand the full extent of the conflict, for example, those of which are children or do not have any input of the mishap. Additionally, people that are scared to have opinions or are naà ¯ve to the conflict, do not have strong opinions and find it difficult to take a side in conflict.

Courtroom Workgroup Essay

The purpose of court is straight forward, to bring a conflict to justice. As simple as that sounds there are many more roles than a judge and a jury. Bringing a conflict to justice is a team effort, that team is known as a courtroom work group. One of the major roles of this team is the prosecutor. The prosecutor is the attorney representing the state in one of the many trials on hand. With the excessive amounts of trials, the courtroom has a process called criminal justice funnel. This process helps minimize the amount of trials that are pending. The court room work group is a team of individuals processing the trial. Several groups make up the courtroom work groups. The criminal prosecutor, defense attorney, and a judicial officer make up the most common courtroom work group. Each individual has specific duties as part of the group. The judge is responsible for issuing warrants towards a defendant, determining bail amount or if bail is granted or denied, and presiding over trials. Defense attorney are appointed to the defendant. These attorneys can be privately retained which can be costly. Prosecuting attorneys known as the prosecutors or District Attorneys represents the state in criminal cases. There are other work group members such as the law clerks, court clerks, administrators, jurors, witnesses, police officers, and on occasion the news media. The criminal justice can be a long everlasting process. To help speed up the processing of the increasing number of cases that rise every minute, a relationship forms in courtrooms between the main groups in the system, including the judge, defense counsel and prosecutor. The courtroom workgroup shows remarkable explanatory power in overburdened courts dealing with large caseloads. I believe that there are certain changes that can be made to the courtroom. Having higher security for more violent offenders should be taking into precaution. Some jurors need to take into consideration the evidence that is being brought up upon them. I know of many cases that the defendant is declared guilty then later found out they were innocent. There will also always be the criminals let go because of a lack of evidence to convince a jury.

Four Things I Learned While Writing Crime Fiction

Four Things I Learned While Writing Crime Fiction Four Things I Learned While Writing Crime Fiction After a tour in Iraq, which had him conducting security for EOD missions, supply runs, and anything else the military asked of him,  Zack Klika got out and went to college at The University of Texas Dallas. He graduated in 2010 with a B.S. in Finance. It was around this time he decided that writing was what he really wanted to do, not numbers. In this article, he talks about the four biggest pieces of advice he learned about writing crime fiction by working with professional editors. My new novel, Blood On The Bridge, is about three very different people banding together to figure out who murdered a female soldier. And much like the characters in my book, I teamed up with two amazing editors, Will Anderson, my developmental editor, and Mary Beth Constant, my copy editor, to get my novel in tip top shape. Writing a novel is no easy task. I outlined for a month and then wrote the first draft in two, at which point I knew I needed to get professionals involved. Will had so many great comments and suggestions about my manuscript that it energized me when the time came to dive back in for a rewrite. Mary Beth spotted a great many inconsistencies in my story’s timeline and overall story arc. Without her, the novel would have come off as amateurish. They both returned my edits before the due date we had agreed upon as well, which made me feel even more confident in the Reedsy platform.Here is some of the advice I picked up during the writing and editing process, regarding creating a great thriller novel.1) Embrace the tropesThere is absolutely nothing wrong with feeling like your mystery or thriller rings similar to a lot of other crime fiction. However, there are ways to make your scene feel more original than it really is. The best piece of craft advice I ever received actually was n’t related to writing. It was given to me during an improv class. My instructor told the group to throw away the first three ideas that popped into our heads when we walked onto the stage to perform a scene. And it always worked. It forces your imagination to scramble for something that wasn’t already there. And when you’re faced with no way out, you will find a way out. It’s how a lot of writers write: they paint themselves into a corner and then find a way out. When you're writing genre fiction, don't be afraid to embrace the tropes There is a scene in my novel where one of the main characters is knocked out and thrown into the trunk of a car. He wakes up in the trunk and realizes he is being driven to his death bed. So, what can he do when his kidnappers open the trunk? Fight or flight? Those are two options. He could also beg. Those were really the only three options I could think of. Later, when I was laying in bed trying to sleep, a fourth option came to me: he could play possum. And I’m sure I’m not the only one to ever write about a character playing possum in the trunk of a car on the way to his literal death bed. But regardless of how used of a trope it is, it was the option that absolutely fit my character best and not just the first thing I could think of.Don’t forget to rely on your developmental editor as a source for great ideas, too, which leads me to the next part...2) Run with your editor’s adviceSeriously. Take their ideas, advice, and feedback and run with it. Theyâ €™ve probably read a lot more crime fiction than you ever will so they are the perfect person to tell you how to make your book better.Authors tend to get tunnel vision while they’re working on their manuscript. Try your best not to be upset if your developmental editor tells you he or she doesn’t feel like a scene works in its current state. The main job of that editor is to critique your work. If they’re great editors, like mine were, they’ll throw out a ideas to improve the scene. Think about those ideas and use them as you see fit. The thriller-writing lessons I learned by working professionals editors I knew something was missing from my book when I submitted it to Will. I couldn’t put my finger on it, but Will found it right away: I needed another red herring in my story. There wasn’t enough going on in the second act to sustain it through to the end. One of the ideas Will gave me was perfect and right in front of my eyes the whole time. I ran with it. And it ended up making my story all the more enjoyable. And you want to be entertained by your novel.Want to learn more about cozy crime fiction - and get some recommended titles while you're at it? Check out this  comprehensive guide to cozy mysteries.3) Use your sensesIf you’re not entertained by your crime fiction, your reader won’t be either. I write mysteries and thrillers because I have a passion to entertain and I’ve always been entertained by a good crime story. Remember that your thriller or mystery is being told to someone, and they need to be brought into your make believe world. The best way to do that is through "show, don't tell" and by incorporating all five senses into your writing: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch.After a first or second draft, I’ll go through my manuscript and see which of the five senses are lacking. Sight and sound get used the most in a lot of writing, which is perfectly fine. But smell, taste, and touch can be your sleuth’s/detective’s best friend and can make or break a case. Did your detective get a whiff of cologne off the murdered woman found in her apartment? Did he later smell that same cologne while interviewing a suspect? A great exercise I like to do is to write out a few ways a killer can be caught based off one of those three senses. It’s not easy, but that just means your story will be all the better for it. My next piece of advice will make your story better too. The four best pieces of advice I learned while writing crime fiction 4) Keep your action scenes loose and free-flowingDon’t get too bogged down in being so precise with the details that your reader can’t fill in some blanks for themselves and immerse themselves in the story. If you’re writing within the realm of reality it may be a good idea to keep your fights on the shorter side as well, to build suspense. Real fights are nothing like boxing matches. Real fights are messy. Real fights are usually wrapped up within a few minutes. And real fighters fight dirty. Remember that. Your fighters don’t abide by any rules. They will do whatever they have to do to win a fight.Please share your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Zack Klika in the comments below! And if you'd like to learn more about querying a thriller to an agent, head here.Blood on the Bridge is available in paperback and on Amazon Kindle!

Consumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consumption - Essay Example Shopping centers and catalogs are coded frameworks that do not just encourage people to purchase as a habit, but also more importantly, assist people in building their sense of identity. Shopping centers are a preferred topic for the concerns of traditional conservatives (Flanders 104). Shopping centers also concern parties that find consumerism a crucial lifestyle. Consumerism is undoubtedly the traditional center of modern consumption. Critics of consumerism note that shopping centers have slowly turned into places where youth convene for social purposes. As a result, shopping centers slowly became places where senior citizens and the aged rarely came to socialize. Shopping centers attract people from different ethnic backgrounds, social status, age, and professional positions. According to Pressdee and John Fiske, shopping centers are public places formally, but in fact very selective socially (Flanders 104). Frequent goers of shopping centers do not exercise the freedom of speech or assembly. Owners of these shopping centers closely monitor and filter what goes in and out of their businesses’ premises. For instance, shopping centers inhibit the diverse mu ltitude of companies and authorities that occupy open spaces. This is because such spaces apparently hide a prevalent private authority. Shopping centers practice comprehensive and clandestine authority not just in the regulation of conduct, but also in the building of the perceptible and audible public discussion (Flanders 105). The source of this consumption is what society today uses to relate to its identity, views, and desires. Consumption is the focal point of the discourse of fashion among outlying consumers. Teenagers, especially female tend to send a great deal of time and their parents’ money in shopping centers. The time spent by teenagers in shopping centers surpasses the money. Here, teenagers overcome the simple products they are used to at their

Personnel Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personnel Economics - Essay Example One of the key concerns in this context is related with selecting and subsequently, assigning appropriate individual staff members with responsibilities to deliver better education to the students. The other concern in this regard has been the stimulation of adequate mechanisms in order to develop the ultimate potentials in students (Neal, 2011). Emphasising the present performance of the personnel economics framework as applied in the modern educational institutions, the discussion hereunder intends to briefly highlight the impact of teacher quality on educational outcomes. Moreover, the discussion focused on addressing the impacts of teachers’ compensation contracts on their performances or educational outcomes. Background of the Problem Arguments in various studies have signified that the professional qualities of a teacher are of paramount importance to ensure the success of a student (Hasnain & et. al., 2012; Leigh, 2012; Neal, 2011; Lazear, 2003). However, the recently o bserved changes in the global economy can be observed to have created various problems relating to teachers’ aptitude and their capabilities. ... As from the preceding few generations, it has been viewed that the personnel policies practiced by the public school systems often create link between teachers’ retention and their respective performances inappropriately; therefore, hindering the effectiveness of the entire education system to a substantial extent. However, in various scenarios, scholars have been evidently advocated that the existing tenure decision along with retention practices often involve inefficient attributes of personnel policies, which altogether affects the educational system efficiency (Neal, 2011). Nevertheless, the organisational system that tends to measure teachers’ performances creating a linkage with retention or tenure decision is not widely followed by the modern educational institutions, which eventually generates various potential issues within the system (Neal, 2011). From the observation of various studies, weak retention and promotion processes in the educational system tend to reduce the aptitude and the capability of the teachers in delivering quality education. In relation to the present educational settings, the personnel economic policies have also been identified with significant deficiencies associated with the interrelation between the performance of the teachers and their existing salary structure. Moreover, the educational institutions have further been identified to reduce cost of their services through lower salary structure of the teaching professionals owing to easy availability of competent teachers (Leigh, 2012). Although the incentive plans designed for the teachers in the educational system often play a decisive role in improving their quality, it